The planetary–exoplanetary environment: A nonlinear perspective

A review of the fundamental physical processes in the planetary–exoplanetary environment is presented, with emphasis on nonlinear phenomena. First, we discuss briefly the detection of exoplanets and search for radio emissions from exoplanets. Next, we give an overview of the concepts of waves, instabilities, chaos and turbulence in the planetary–exoplanetary environment based on our present knowledge of the solar-terrestrial environment. We conclude by discussing cyclotron masers and chaos in nonthermal radio emissions in the planetary–exoplanetary environment.     

Individual influence of pitching and plunging motions on flow structures over an airfoil during dynamic stall

The individual influence of pitching and plunging motions on flow structures is studied experimentally by changing the phase lag between the geometrical angle of attack and the plunging angle of attack. Five phase lags are chosen as the experimental parameters, while the Strouhal number, the reduced frequency and the Reynolds number are fixed. During the motion of the airfoil, the leading edge vortex, the reattached vortex and the secondary vortex are observed in the flow field. The leading edge vortex is found to be the main flow structure through the proper orthogonal decomposition. The increase of phase lag results in the increase of the leading edge velocity, which strongly influences the leading edge shear layer and the leading edge vortex. The plunging motion contributes to the development of the leading edge shear layer, while the pitching motion is the key reason for instability of the leading edge shear layer. It is also found that a certain increase of phase lag, around 34.15° in this research, can increase the airfoil lift.     

基于增强型离散相模型和化学燃烧的红外诱饵弹建模方法

红外（IR）诱饵弹是一种主要的红外对抗武器，建立一种准确的红外诱饵弹模型将对红外制导算法的研究起重要作用。目前，针对红外诱饵弹的计算机流体仿真（CFD）建模方法中，通常不考虑红外药剂的燃烧对红外模型产生的影响，这将从机理上直接导致建模精度下降。针对这一不足，本文在增强型离散相模型（DPM）红外诱饵弹建模方法的基础上加入了化学燃烧相，建立了准确性更高的仿真模型。实验结果表明，与原有的模型相比，加入化学燃烧相后的新模型在图形特征的仿真精度上有明显提升。     

Surface effects on the free vibration behavior of postbuckled circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates including geometrical nonlinearity

This investigation deals with the free vibration characteristics of circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates around the postbuckling configuration incorporating surface effects. Using the Gurtin–Murdoch elasticity theory, a size-dependent higher-order shear deformable plate model is developed which takes account all surface effects including surface elasticity, surface stress and surface density. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered based on the von Karman type nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. Also, in order to satisfy the balance conditions between bulk and surfaces of nanoplate, it is assumed that the normal stress is distributed cubically through the thickness of nanoplate. Hamilton?s principle is utilized to derive non-classical governing differential equations of motion and related boundary conditions. Afterwards, an efficient numerical methodology based on a generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed to solve numerically the problem so as to discretize the governing partial differential equations along various edge supports using Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto grid points and pseudo arc-length continuation technique. A comparison between the results of present non-classical model and those of the classical plate theory is conducted. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the prebuckling domain, for a specified value of axial load in the postbuckling domain, increasing the plate thickness leads to higher frequencies.     

BAFFLE EFFECT OF SLOSHING INDUCEDFLOWS IN RESPONSE TO AXIAL IMPULSE IN MICROGRAVITY

Inordertocarryoutscientificexperiments,someexperimentalspacecraftusecryogeniccooIingforobservationinstrumentationandtelescope,superconductingsensorsforgyroread-outandmaintainverylowtemperaturesnearabsolutezeroformechanicalstability.Theap-proachestobothcoollngandcontrolinvolvetheuseofsuperfluidliquidheliumn.Inthisstudy,theresponseofcryogenicsystemstosloshingdynamicsassociatedwithaxialimpulseisinvestigated.cryogenicheliumn,atatemperatureofl.8K,isconsideredinthisstudy.withitssu-perfluidbehavior,t…     

几何代数及其在飞行力学中的应用

介绍了几何代数的基本知识,比较了几何代数与矢量代数、四元数的区别和联系,并推导了它们在表示旋转时的互相转换关系,展示了几何代数在描述空间旋转变换时的便利.最后通过相对姿态运动的分析,展示了几何代数在飞行力学中应用的可行性.     

同伦方法中辅助映射的影响

简述了同伦方法中解曲线跟踪算法，它是求解非线性问题的一种非常有效的方法，并说明辅助映射的构造形式将影响非线性问题的求解。根据同伦方法的基本思想和求解过程，提出了采用“相似”准则设计辅助映射的方法，即辅助映射要与原映射同类型，使待求函数较为容易地同化变形到辅助映射，同时求到问题的解。该方法已应用于一些实际课题中。效果很好。     

舰面流场下的直升机平衡特性分析

主要分析了舰载直升机在母舰甲板上方悬停时的平衡特性。采用CFD方法计算了母舰甲板上方的气流场,建立了适用于舰载环境的直升机飞行动力学模型,计算了UH-60A直升机在流场悬停位置处的配平值。在此基础上,计算了旋翼入流、载荷、功率以及机体姿态状态量的响应。仿真结果表明,舰面流场的非线性、不均匀等特点对计算值影响较大。通过与无离散模型计算结果的对比,表明了流场对直升机旋翼的垂向载荷影响较大,对机体姿态角速率的影响更为显著,破坏了直升机的平衡,对直升机在舰面流场环境下的飞行控制系统提出了更高的要求。     

一种偏置动量轮在轨维护的变带宽控制方法

针对长寿命运行卫星在轨维护中出现的备份偏置动量轮离散性差异较大,导致俯仰角收敛缓慢的问题,在姿态现象分析的基础上,根据卫星姿态动力学原理,建立偏置动量轮工作模式下的俯仰姿态的PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation,比例积分微分)控制模型,并进行系统开环与闭环传递函数公式推导。然后在伯德图(Bode Diagram)基础上,重点分析相位裕量的敏感参数,给出俯仰姿态控制回路的带宽调整方法,实现变带宽控制。卫星偏置动量轮在轨切换维护的结果表明,通过及时调整PID参数,减小回路带宽,可以有效改善相位裕量,保持卫星控制性能,实现俯仰姿态快速收敛,且俯仰角控制精度优于0.03°,取得较好的应用效果。     

偏航状态下拦阻钩挂索动力学分析

为了使舰载机能安全顺利地在舰上回收,分析了飞机着舰拦阻时,拦阻钩撞击甲板悬索后钩组件上转的动力学成因。在考虑弯折波的基础上,分析了飞机在偏航着舰时拦阻钩发生横向摆动的成因,建立了偏航着舰时拦阻钩上转和横摆动力学模型。研究了偏航角和钩索之间的摩擦系数对拦阻钩横向摆动的影响,并考虑了轮胎压索以及钩臂与铰接点轨迹之间的初始夹角对拦阻钩上转性能的影响。结果表明:因偏航着舰,挂索后拦阻钩上转过程中出现了横向运动;横向运动的最大摆角随偏航角和摩擦系数的增大而增大;轮胎压索导致悬索弹起,拦阻钩到达时,悬索的高度对拦阻钩上转运动没有明显的影响,但是悬索过高会使拦阻钩有弹跳脱钩的危险。